@article{doi:10.1002/cpe.5352,
 abstract = {Summary This paper introduces a fully decentralized low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) infrastructure for the Internet of Things (IoT) using the LoRa protocol. While global LPWANs typically require roaming agreements between network providers and a trusted third party for server resolution, we propose a trustless model where the network servers are resolved using a blockchain application. Since LoRaWAN relies on symmetric cryptography, we also propose a new security model that adds non-repudiation using digital signatures. This paves the way for linking devices to decentralized applications. We finally analyze the impact of this new model on message size and energy requirements.},
 author = {Durand, Arnaud and Gremaud, Pascal and Pasquier, Jacques},
 doi = {10.1002/cpe.5352},
 eprint = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cpe.5352},
 journal = {Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience},
 keywords = {blockchain, distributed systems, Internet of Things, LoRaWAN},
 note = {e5352 cpe.5352},
 publisher = {Wiley},
 title = {Decentralized LPWAN infrastructure using blockchain and digital signatures},
 url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cpe.5352},
 year = {2019}
}